卧虎藏龙开源，浙产大模型向世界敞开大门_我的网站
一 | 连续多周包揽全球开源模型调用量排名前两席8月13日凌晨，杭州深度求索人工智能基础技术研究有限公司（DeepSeek），又悄悄搞了个大动作——DeepSeek V4 Pro正式版发布。此前，DeepSeek V4的另一个版本Flash正式版已于7月底发布。 WASHINGTON -- With the growing popularity of disposable e-cigarettes, communities across the U.S. are confronting a new vaping problem: how to safely get rid of millions of small, battery-powered devices that are considered hazardous waste.For years, the debate surrounding vaping largely centered on its risks for high school and middle school students enticed by flavors like gummy bear, lemonade and watermelon.But the recent shift toward e-cigarettes that can’t be refilled has created a new environmental dilemma. The devices, which contain nicotine, lithium and other metals, cannot be reused or recycled. Under federal environmental law, they also aren’t supposed to go in the trash.U.S. teens and adults are buying roughly 12 million disposable vapes per month. With little federal guidance, local officials are finding their own ways to dispose of e-cigarettes collected from schools, colleges, vape shops and other sites.“We are in a really weird regulatory place where there is no legal place to put these and yet we know, every year, tens of millions of disposables are thrown in the trash,” said Yogi Hale Hendlin, a health and environmental researcher at the University of California, San Francisco.In late August, sanitation workers in Monroe County, New York, packed more than 5,500 brightly colored e-cigarettes into 55-gallon steel drums for transport. Their destination? A giant, industrial waste incinerator in northern Arkansas, where they would be melted down.Sending 350 pounds of vapes across the country to be burned into ash may not sound environmentally friendly. But local officials say it’s the only way to keep the nicotine-filled devices out of sewers, waterways and landfills, where their lithium batteries can catch fire.“These are very insidious devices,” said Michael Garland, who directs the county’s environmental services. “They’re a fire risk and they’re certainly an environmental contaminant if not managed properly.”Elsewhere, the disposal process has become both costly and complicated. In New York City, for example, officials are seizing hundreds of thousands of banned vapes from local stores and spending about 85 cents each for disposal.HAZARDOUS WASTEVaping critics say the industry has skirted responsibility for the environmental impact of its products, while federal regulators have failed to force changes that could make vaping components easier to recycle or less wasteful.Among the possible changes: standards requiring that e-cigarettes be reusable or forcing manufacturers to fund collection and recycling programs. New York, California and several other states have so-called extended product responsibility laws for computers and other electronics. But those laws don't cover vaping products and there are no comparable federal requirements for any industry.Environmental Protection Agency rules for hazardous waste don’t apply to households, meaning it's legal for someone to throw e-cigarettes in the garbage at home. But most businesses, schools and government facilities are subject to EPA standards in how they handle harmful chemicals like nicotine, which the EPA considers an “acute hazardous waste," because it can be poisonous at high levels.In the U.S., the push to manage disposable e-cigarettes has chiefly come from schools, which can face stricter regulation if they generate more than a few pounds of hazardous waste per month. Monroe County schools pay $60 to dispose of each one-gallon container of vapes. More than two thirds of the e-cigarettes collected by the county come from schools.“Our schools were very relieved because they had confiscated so much of this material,” Garland said. “If you think of all the high schools across the country, they are in a very difficult place right now.”Lithium in e-cigarette batteries is the same highly sought metal used to power electric vehicles and cellphones. But the quantities used in vaping devices are too small to warrant salvage. And nearly all disposable e-cigarette batteries are soldered into the device, making it impractical to separate them for recycling.Disposable e-cigarettes currently account for about 53% of the multi-billion U.S. vaping market, according to U.S. government figures, more than doubling since 2020.Their rise is a study in unintended consequences.In early 2020, the Food and Drug Administration banned nearly all flavors from reusable e-cigarettes like Juul, the cartridge-based device blamed for sparking a nationwide surge in underage vaping. But the policy didn't apply to disposables, opening the door to thousands of new varieties of fruit and candy-flavored vapes, almost all manufactured in China.In recent months the FDA has begun trying to block imports of several leading disposable brands, including Elf Bar and Esco Bar. Regulators consider them all illegal, but they have been unable to stop their entry to the U.S. and the devices are now ubiquitous in convenience stores, gas stations and other shops. FDA’s tobacco chief, Brian King, said in a statement that his agency “will continue to carefully consider the potential environmental impacts” of vaping products.THE COST OF CONFISCATING DISPOSABLE E-CIGARETTESIn 2020, New York City outlawed the vast majority of e-cigarette types, banning flavors that can appeal to youngsters.City employees conduct thousands of inspections annually, and last year issued more than 2,400 citations to corner stores and bodegas selling illegal flavored products. Adding to the challenge are THC vapes sold at hundreds of unlicensed marijuana shops, a separate but related problem that has mushroomed since New York's legalization of recreational pot.Since last November, officials have seized more than 449,000 vape units, according to city figures. New York City is spending about $1,400 to destroy each container of 1,200 confiscated vapes, but many more remain in city storage lockers. “I don’t think anyone ever considered the volume of these in our community,” said New York Sheriff Anthony Miranda, who leads a task force on the issue. “There’s a tremendous amount of resources going into this effort.” A recent lawsuit against four large vaping distributors aims to recoup some of the city's costs. For now, New Yorkers who vape can bring their used e-cigarettes to city-sponsored waste-collection events.Ultimately those vapes meet a familiar fate: They are shipped to Gum Springs, Arkansas, to be incinerated by Veolia, an international waste management firm. The company has incinerated more than 1.6 million pounds of vaping waste in recent years, mostly unsold inventory or discontinued products.Veolia executives say burning e-cigarettes' lithium batteries can damage their incinerators.“Ideally we don’t want to incinerate them because it has to be done very, very slowly. But if have to, we will,” said Bob Cappadona, who leads the company’s environmental services division.Veolia also handles e-cigarettes from Boulder County, Colorado, one of the only U.S. jurisdictions that actively tries to recycle e-cigarette batteries and components.Historically, Boulder has had one of the highest teen vaping rates in the country, peaking at nearly 33% in 2017. “It was like someone flicked the switch. Suddenly e-cigarettes were everywhere,” said Daniel Ryan, principal of Centaurus High School. Beginning in 2019, county officials began distributing bins to schools for confiscated or discarded e-cigarettes. Last year, they collected 3,500. County staffers sort the devices by type, separating those with removable batteries for recycling. Disposables are packed and shipped to Veolia's incinerator. Shelly Fuller, who directs the program, says managing vape waste has gotten more costly and labor intensive with the shift to disposables.“I kind of miss the days when we had Juuls and I could take each battery out and recycle them very easily,” Fuller said. “No one has time to dismantle a thousand Esco Bars.”___AP video journalist Joseph Frederick contributed to this story from New York___Follow Matthew Perrone on Twitter: @AP_FDAwriter___The Associated Press Health and Science Department receives support from the Howard Hughes Medical Institute’s Science and Educational Media Group. The AP is solely responsible for all content.。从官方测评数据看，Pro版本能力大幅提升，多项指标已接近Anthropic Fable 5等国外顶尖闭源模型。而在十天前，另一家浙江公司阿里巴巴发布旗舰模型Qwen3.8-Max，首次亮相即进入权威评测平台LMArena综合榜Top 5。全球开源模型调用量排名中，两个浙产大模型DeepSeek与千问已连续多周包揽前两席。人工智能正成为创新浙江最鲜明的标识、最核心的支撑。
二 | 而选择“开源”来加速技术迭代、构建产业生态，成为浙产大模型企业一条坚定而清晰的路径。这是企业对技术路径和商业模式的选择，也是浙江发展人工智能的战略共识。正如中国工程院院士、之江实验室主任王坚反复提及的观点：人工智能开源，正从开放源代码即“Open Source”，转为开放资源即“Open Resource”。中国开放AI模型，本质上意味着把背后的资源和机遇开放给全世界。性能做强，门槛降低“便宜的没它强，强的没它好用。”8月13日，杭州嗡嗡科技有限公司负责人刘杲劼试用了DeepSeek V4 Pro版本。他告诉记者，此前公司刚从国外模型切换到了7月底发布的DeepSeek V4 Flash版本，它在编程等工作上表现不错，费用降低了不少。这是DeepSeek和千问广受欢迎的原因：够便宜，够好用。便宜到什么程度？DeepSeek V4 Flash最近采用了分时定价机制，在空闲时段，每百万输出Token仅需4.5元人民币，即便在高峰时段，价格也仅为9元/百万输出Token。相比顶尖的国外模型，价格优势依然显著，两者在代码编写能力相差不大，官方测试数据显示仅差几个百分点。好用到什么程度？DeepSeek V4 Pro总参数1.6万亿、每次激活约490亿参数，V4 Flash总参数2840亿、激活130亿参数，两者全系开源，均支持百万Token超长上下文。Qwen3.8-Max同样如此：总参数量达2.4万亿，单次推理激活950亿参数，采用稀疏混合专家架构，支持最大1M Token的上下文窗口。这意味着开发者更方便在其上自由搭建、改造，并商业化落地。
三 | 杭州电子科技大学计算机学院副院长余宙告诉记者，国内的开源大模型集中精力做了两件事——把模型性能做强，把使用门槛降低。“中小企业很难从0到1训练一个大模型。”浙江古珀医疗科技有限公司是杭州一家专注医疗大数据领域的科技企业，创始人张强说，对开发者而言，这两大开源模型提供了成本更低、性价比更高的选择，拉低了人工智能现实落地的门槛。古珀就利用开源模型Qwen3.6-35B-A3B和Qwen3.6-27B，打造了一个面向C端的医疗智能体，具有“医生分身+智能随访+慢病风险评估智能体+健康管理”等功能。截至目前，浙江累计已完成90款生成式人工智能服务备案。其中，有一些模型，就是利用千问、DeepSeek等基础大模型进行二次开发和参数调整获得的。
四 | 融入全球，改写规则两个“顶流”大模型的背后，是浙江在战略层面锚定的路线。
五 | 浙江省“十五五”规划纲要中六次提及“开源”，频次之高、着墨之重，前所未有。
六 | 2026年省政府工作报告提出，“积极抢占人工智能发展制高点，着力营造最优开源开放生态”，将开源列为全省AI布局的核心抓手之一。7月16日，浙江省委十五届九次全会在杭州举行。全会期间进行了人工智能专题辅导授课，组织考察了国家人工智能应用中试基地（具身智能）、“魔搭社区”（杭州）开发者中心、杭州城西科创大走廊未来科技城展馆。其中，“魔搭社区”是国内最大的人工智能开源社区。魔搭社区以“模型即服务”的模式，线上汇聚全球超2900万人工智能开发者、超20万个模型，极大降低了人工智能应用创新的门槛。浙江大学人工智能学院教授、本科生院院长吴飞解释了开源的底层逻辑：“开源是开放知识与创造能力。AI技术具有先行者引领的溢出效应，需要去主动构建开源生态。”“极致性价比+开放生态”的浙产大模型，正在重写全球AI竞争的游戏规则。7月24日，AI硬件巨头英伟达创始人黄仁勋，发布了一封公开信呼吁开放模型权重。该信件将开放模型比作1980年代开源软件运动——开放权重扩大了参与AI经济的途径。初创企业、成熟企业、高校及公共机构无需从零开始训练模型，也不必为每一项任务都支付高昂的尖端模型使用费，而是可以直接基于现有的先进模型进行开发。日前，联合国人工智能问题独立国际科学小组发布报告《对人工智能带来的机遇、风险和影响的询证评估》。该报告将Qwen及DeepSeek作为全球开源AI生态代表性案例单独列出。
七 | 这既是技术层面的认可，也是国际社会对中国开源治理理念的一种肯定。 Current article:http://6zr.saorongriwazhaofutouzhaojie.cfd/5jg/20260826/841921.html Published on:01:09:11 |
